Introduction: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), currently the most widely recognized quality measurement system for surgery, focuses on patients undergoing general and vascular surgical procedures with the same data collected on every patient, regardless of procedure or specialty. In this study, we sought to develop a colorectal surgery specific NSQIP with collection of core variables, along with additional information of particular interest to colorectal surgeons.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive database was completed for patients undergoing major procedures by eight colorectal surgeons at a single, urban, private hospital. We collected information about patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, intraoperative variables, and anesthesia related factors. In addition, we included several colorectal specific factors such as steroid and immunomodulator use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, type of bowel preparation, and extent of adhesiolysis. Postoperative complications were categorized as major surgical, minor surgical, major medical, and minor medical. Postoperatively, we recorded the times to first flatus, first bowel movement, and initiation of clear liquid and low residue diets. All data was collected and analyzed prospectively by a fourth year surgical resident. Results: Of the 100 patients studied thus far, 50 (50%) were male, with a median age and body mass index of 47 years and 23, respectively. Operations performed included: ileostomy closure (20), sigmoidectomy (15), ileocolectomy (12), ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (12), small bowel resection (7), right hemicolectomy (6), low anterior resection (5), abdominal colectomy (4), and other procedures (n=19). The overall complication rate was 33%, and included 5 major medical complications (4 deep incisional infections, 1 wound dehiscence), 22 minor surgical complications (9 ileus, 7 superficial infections, 4 severe pain, 1 intraabdominal hematoma, 1 urinary incontinence), 5 major medical complications (2 atrial fibrillation, 2 pneumonia, 1 stroke), and 1 minor medical complication (urinary retention). Seven patients (7%) were readmitted within 30 days of discharge due to small bowel obstruction (2), ileus (1), back pain (1), fever (1), constipation (1), and pelvic abscess (1).Conclusion: We have demonstrated that conducting a specialty specific NSQIP is feasible. This meticulous, prospective data collection can serve as a model for future specialty specific NSQIP and ultimately help improve the quality of surgical care.