# 2296 Hypergastrinemia Induced by Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Causes
Pancreatic Growth But Does NOT Promote Pancreatic
Carcinogenesis.
Mc Donald M. Jerome, Daniel S. Longnecker, Ravi Moonka, Linda
Robinson, Richard H. Bell, Lebanon, NH, Seattle, WA, Tacoma, WA
INTRODUCTION: Receptors for the peptide hormone gastrin have been
described on adenocarcinomas arising in several digestive organs, including
colon, stomach, esophagus, and pancreas. We have previously described
the expression of gastrin receptors on pancreatic adenocarcinomas in the
rat, despite the fact that such receptors are not present in normal rat pancreas
( J Surg Res 63: 105-109, 1996). The widespread chronic use of drugs
like PPI’s and H2-receptor blockers, which raise serum gastrin levels, leads
to concern about the effect of chronic hypergastrinemia on susceptibility
to cancer. We evaluated the risk of chronic PPI administration in the aforementioned
rat model of pancreatic cancer.
METHODS: 120 male Lewis rats received injections of the pancreatic carcinogen
azaserine (30 mg/kg bw) at age 19 and 26 days. After weaning, all
animals were maintained on a purified defined diet. 12 months following
azaserine, animals were randomized to receive either the PPI lansoprazole
(30 mg/kg bw) or vehicle by daily gavage for six months. All surviving
animals were sacrificed at 18 months of age. At the time of sacrifice, blood
was drawn for serum gastrin determination and the pancreas was weighed
and removed for histological examination. RESULTS: 112 of 120 animals
(93%) survived until planned sacrifice at 18 months. PPI administration
raised serum gastrin levels significantly (269 ± 10 vs. 129 ± 7 pg/ml,
p<0.0001) and to levels similar to those in humans on PPI treatment. The
ratio of pancreatic weight:body weight was significantly increased in PPItreated
animals (3.11 ± 0.08 vs. 2.80 ± 0.08 mg/g). The number of azaserine-
induced neoplasms per animal are shown in the table below:
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic PPI therapy increased serum gastrin levels and
increased pancreatic weight relative to body weight, but did not enhance
tumor development. This study does not support a carcinogenic risk of
long-term PPI therapy. Supported by a Merit Review Award from the Dept.
of Veterans Affairs
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